A recent report by the Institute for Security Studies has shed light on the alarming rise of youth gangs in Liberia, attributing their formation to the remnants of civil war, economic decline, and the systemic social exclusion of a growing underclass.
Gangsterism is embedded in Liberia’s urban centres, particularly Monrovia, and is characterised by the use of violence to establish territorial control and undertake criminal activities such as theft, home invasions, extortion, arson, rape, drug trafficking and murder, it said.
The study, authored by Ndubuisi Christian Ani, Feyi Ogunade, and John Kamma, pointed out the dire needs and motivations propelling many young Liberians towards gang affiliation.
With over 70% of Liberia’s population under the age of 35, the lack of viable economic opportunities has left many youths vulnerable to gangsterism, which offers not only a sense of belonging but also a means of economic survival.
For many, joining a gang acts as a ticket to “family,” protection, and economic gain in a society beset by unemployment and rampant poverty, the report said.
Liberia remains the second poorest country in West Africa.
The research highlights the availability of gangs as hired muscle for politicians and business owners seeking intimidation or protection, while also noting the alarming rise in substance abuse.
Over one million people in Liberia, primarily youths, are estimated to be grappling with addiction, particularly to the drug known as “kush.” This has evolved into a public health crisis, as declared by President Joseph Nyumah Boakai during his recent State of the Nation address.
“The drug epidemic, especially the use of kush, is an existential threat,” President Boakai stated, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive policy reforms to address the factors driving gang violence and substance abuse.
The report calls for immediate action, urging the government to develop policies focused on youth empowerment, enhanced public services, and improved law enforcement in communities affected by gang violence.
Recommendations include the establishment of drug prevention programs in schools and international support for treatment and rehabilitation centers.
With echoes of past civil violence still resonating, the report underscores the continuity between the violent behaviors instilled during Liberia’s brutal civil wars and the present-day challenges faced by the youth.
As former child soldiers and young adults thrust into gangsterism grapple with the absence of social support and mental health resources, the cycle of violence and desperation remains unbroken.
As the situation grows increasingly precarious, the study presents a stark reminder of the unresolved grievances and needs of marginalized communities in post-conflict Liberia.
Without effective intervention, the cycle of violence, substance abuse, and social exclusion is poised to continue, threatening the fragile peace and stability that Liberia has fought so hard to achieve, the study warned.
The report calls on regional entities such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the African Union to take action against drug production and trafficking, highlighting the urgent need for a collaborative approach to this pressing crisis.
